Adaptive Design

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What is Adaptive Design?

Adaptive designs are a range of pre-made layouts that fit different screen sizes. The device's browser selects the best-fitting design from those options. 

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    So, adaptive design technically is about kind of making sure that things fit nicely, for example, on an iPad and on a phone – for example, the latest phone, a large phone versus maybe an older, smaller phone, and works nicely in that viewport or that buttons are in the place they should be instead of just being pushed by

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    the fluid layout of responsive design. But let me just say that probably in reality there's like a hybrid really because if you work with your developers and you tell them 'Hey, those icons that are big on the desktop, I want them to stack,' for example, is common responsive. So, you've got like a bunch of icons and then on mobile you want them to stack. But maybe they aren't showing up right; maybe they're too small, so you need to tell your developers, 'Hey can you make them larger and fill the space, and then make them stack?'

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    So, that's the role of a UX designer or a UX person is to help with – you know – it's kind of getting things right, so there is a little touch of adaptiveness there. But what adaptive design does is a little different. And adaptive design is illustrated by the following story. I remember getting off a plane, going to the bag check to get my bag,

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    and the first thing I wanted to do is get on Wi-Fi. I think I was working on a document and I had to upload it immediately, like right there; somebody was waiting for it. So, I flipped open my laptop, kind of set it on one of my bags, waiting for the other bag, whatever, and tried to go on the Wi-Fi. What was funny was that when I first tried on my phone, the link was, the thing that said connect – you know – it's like 'Do you agree that this is free Wi-Fi?' and then 'connect' – it was a tiny little link on the mobile phone.

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    And on the desktop it was a huge button. So, desktop – huge button that said, 'I agree. Connect.' On the mobile phone – a tiny little link. And what that really should have been is the opposite. It should have been a huge button on the mobile phone, and it could have been – I don't know – just a reasonable size button on the desktop. But it sort of always reminds me of the adaptive approach, which is to, say, if you know I'm on mobile and you know that there's this text,

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    instead of making me read all the text, you might say 'shorten the text on mobile' and put like an 'open, view more', especially because we UX people – well, I guess everybody knows that people don't read terms and conditions and a bunch of blah-blah text; they go straight to the call to action. Adaptive design is going to say, 'I know you're probably not going to read this. You're on mobile. So, I'm just going to make it really short and put a "read more" and then have a big old button the first thing that you see; so, a little bit of text and a big old button for the call to action.'

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    So, adaptive design to me is the right thing to do.

Adaptive design is one method of ensuring webpages function on different-sized devices, which makes it a good option for mobile User Experience (UX) design. Designers might make differently-sized graphical user interfaces (GUIs) ranging from smartwatches to TVs. 

Adaptive design for websites uses multiple fixed layout sizes. The system detects the browser size and selects the most appropriate layout.

Adaptive designs usually include six designs for the six most common screen widths—320, 480, 760, 960, 1200, and 1600 pixels. 

Adaptive and Responsive Design

Adaptive design is like responsive design, which also adapts to different screen sizes. However, responsive designs use a single layout that adjusts in response to screen size. Adaptive design content chooses the best configuration from a selection of fixed layouts.

In this image, you can see a comparison between the responsive design approach and the adaptive design approach.

© Interaction Design Foundation, CC BY-SA 4.0

The advantage of adaptive design is that it is a tailor-made solution. The GUI will appear exactly as intended on different screen sizes. The disadvantage is that adaptive design is expensive. The designer creates up to six versions of a webpage to match the screen specifications a user needs. An adaptive design might leave users with non-standard-sized screens with an unoptimized solution. 

Responsive design is the "default" for accessing web content on any device. Adaptive design is a related technique that allows for UX to be optimized. Which approach you take depends on several factors, the most important of which is your users’ needs and contexts of use. The trade-off between responsive and adaptive design ultimately comes down to consistency and flexibility. Responsive affords less control over your design on each screen size. 

Adaptive and responsive design are different approaches to deliver device-specific experiences for users. While responsive design focuses on just the device, adaptive design takes both device and the user’s context into account. Sometimes, a hybrid approach is best.

Learn more about Adaptive Design

Take our course: Mobile UX Design: The Beginner's Guide.

Understanding the users’ context of use is crucial to create effective adaptive designs. For more on the context of use for mobile, see this.

When you design for different types of devices, keep in mind the challenges, constraints and opportunities of each device. Here are the key design considerations for smartphones and tablets.


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Literature on Adaptive Design

Here's the entire UX literature on Adaptive Design by the Interaction Design Foundation, collated in one place:

Learn more about Adaptive Design

Take a deep dive into Adaptive Design with our course Mobile UX Design: The Beginner's Guide .

In the “Build Your Portfolio” project, you’ll find a series of practical exercises that will give you first-hand experience with the methods we cover. You will build on your project in each lesson so once you have completed the course you will have a thorough case study for your portfolio.

Mobile User Experience Design: Introduction, has been built on evidence-based research and practice. It is taught by the CEO of ExperienceDynamics.com, Frank Spillers, author, speaker and internationally respected Senior Usability practitioner.

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