Author: Robert E. Kraut
I started my career as a traditional social psychologist, but working in the telecommunications industry for twelve years shifted my focus from disciplines to problems. As a researcher, I have broad interests in the design and social impact of information technologies in small groups, in the home, and in organizations.
I conduct research in five major areas:
- Online communities
- Everyday use of the Internet
- Collaboration in small work groups.
- Technology and conversation
- Computers in organizations
My research in a specific area first examines in detail the challenges individuals, groups, and organizations face in performing social tasks. This empirical research can inform the design of new technology to meet some of these challenges. Here I collaborate with computer scientists and engineers. The research comes full circle when we evaluate the usefulness of the new technology.
I teach courses in these topics, including undergraduate, masters, and Ph.D. level courses in communication, computer supported cooperative work, and organizational computing.
Publications
Co-authors
Productive Colleagues
- Susan Dumais
- Scott E. Hudson
- Alistair G. Sutcliffe
- 74
- 113
- 147
Publications
Kraut, Robert E., Sunder, Shyam, Telang, Rahul, Morris, James (2005): Pricing Electronic Mail to Solve the Problem of Spam. In Human-Computer Interaction, 20 (1) pp. 195-223. https://www.leaonline.com/doi/abs/10.1207/s15327051hci2001%262_7
Gergle, Darren, Millen, David R., Kraut, Robert E., Fussell, Susan R. (2004): Persistence matters: making the most of chat in tightly-coupled work. In: Dykstra-Erickson, Elizabeth, Tscheligi, Manfred (eds.) Proceedings of ACM CHI 2004 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems April 24-29, 2004, Vienna, Austria. pp. 431-438. https://doi.acm.org/10.1145/985692.985747
Fussell, Susan R., Setlock, Leslie D., Kraut, Robert E. (2003): Effects of head-mounted and scene-oriented video systems on remote collaboration on physic. In: Cockton, Gilbert, Korhonen, Panu (eds.) Proceedings of the ACM CHI 2003 Human Factors in Computing Systems Conference April 5-10, 2003, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, USA. pp. 513-520.
Kraut, Robert E., Fussell, Susan R., Siegel, Jane (2003): Visual Information as a Conversational Resource in Collaborative Physical Tasks. In Human-Computer Interaction, 18 (1) pp. 13-49.
Kraut, Robert E., Gergle, Darren, Fussell, Susan R. (2002): The use of visual information in shared visual spaces: informing the development of virtua. In: Churchill, Elizabeth F., McCarthy, Joe, Neuwirth, Christine, Rodden, Tom (eds.) Proceedings of the 2002 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work November 16 - 20, 2002, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA. pp. 31-40. https://doi.acm.org/10.1145/587078.587084
Kraut, Robert E., Morris, James H., Telang, Rahul, Filer, Darrin, Cronin, Matt, Sunder, Shyam (2002): Markets for attention: will postage for email help?. In: Churchill, Elizabeth F., McCarthy, Joe, Neuwirth, Christine, Rodden, Tom (eds.) Proceedings of the 2002 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work November 16 - 20, 2002, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA. pp. 206-215. https://doi.acm.org/10.1145/587078.587108
Cummings, Jonathon N., Kraut, Robert E. (2002): Domesticating Computers and the Internet. In The Information Society, 18 (3) pp. . https://www.indiana.edu/~tisj/readers/abstracts/18/18-3%20Cummings.html
Cummings, Jonathon N., Butler, Brian S., Kraut, Robert E. (2002): The quality of online social relationships. In Communications of the ACM, 45 (7) pp. 103-108. https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/514236.514242
Monk, Andrew, Kraut, Robert E. (2001): Editorial: Home Use of Information and Communications Technology. In International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 54 (5) pp. 663-664.
Espinosa, Alberto, Cadiz, Jonathan J., Rico-Gutierrez, Luis, Kraut, Robert E., Scherlis, William, Lautenbacher, Glenn (2000): Coming to the Wrong Decision Quickly: Why Awareness Tools Must be Matched with Appropriate. In: Turner, Thea, Szwillus, Gerd, Czerwinski, Mary, Peterno, Fabio, Pemberton, Steven (eds.) Proceedings of the ACM CHI 2000 Human Factors in Computing Systems Conference April 1-6, 2000, The Hague, The Netherlands. pp. 392-399. https://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/chi/332040/p392-espinosa/p392-espinosa.pdf
Fussell, Susan R., Kraut, Robert E., Siegel, Jane (2000): Coordination of Communication: Effects of Shared Visual Context on Collaborative Work. In: Kellogg, Wendy A., Whittaker, Steve (eds.) Proceedings of the 2000 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work , 2000, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. pp. 21-30. https://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/cscw/358916/p21-fussell/p21-fussell.pdf
Kiesler, Sara, Zdaniuk, Bozena, Lundmark, Vicki, Kraut, Robert E. (2000): Troubles With the Internet: The Dynamics of Help at Home. In Human-Computer Interaction, 15 (4) pp. 323-351.
Steinfield, Charles W., Chan, Alice P., Kraut, Robert E. (2000): Computer Mediated Markets: An Introduction and Preliminary Test of Market Structure Impact. In J. Computer-Mediated Communication, 5 (3) pp. . https://jcmc.indiana.edu/vol5/issue3/steinfield.html
Kraut, Robert E., Mukhopadhyay, Tridas, Szczypula, Janusz, Kiesler, Sara, Scherlis, William (1998): Communication and Information: Alternative Uses of the Internet in Households. In: Karat, Clare-Marie, Lund, Arnold, Coutaz, Joëlle, Karat, John (eds.) Proceedings of the ACM CHI 98 Human Factors in Computing Systems Conference April 18-23, 1998, Los Angeles, California. pp. 368-375. https://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/chi/274644/p368-kraut/p368-kraut.pdf
Fussell, Susan R., Kraut, Robert E., Lerch, F. Javier, Scherlis, William, McNally, Matthew M., Cadiz, Jonathan J. (1998): Coordination, Overload and Team Performance: Effects of Team Communication Strategies. In: Poltrock, Steven, Grudin, Jonathan (eds.) Proceedings of the 1998 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work November 14 - 18, 1998, Seattle, Washington, United States. pp. 275-284. https://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/cscw/289444/p275-fussell/p275-fussell.pdf
Kiesler, Sara, Kraut, Robert E., Donath, Judith S., Wellman, Barry, Rheingold, Howard (1998): An Internet Paradox: A Social Medium That May Undermine Sociability. In: Poltrock, Steven, Grudin, Jonathan (eds.) Proceedings of the 1998 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work November 14 - 18, 1998, Seattle, Washington, United States. pp. 403-404. https://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/cscw/289444/p403-kiesler/p403-kiesler.pdf
Kraut, Robert E., Steinfield, Charles, Chan, Alice P., Butler, Brian S., Hoag, Anne (1998): Coordination and Virtualization: The Role of Electronic Networks and Personal Relationship. In J. Computer-Mediated Communication, 3 (4) pp. . https://jcmc.indiana.edu/vol3/issue4/kraut.html
Kraut, Robert E., Kiesler, Sara B., Mukhopadhyay, Tridas, Scherlis, William L., Patterson, Michael (1998): Social Impact of the Internet: What Does It Mean?. In Communications of the ACM, 41 (12) pp. 21-22.
Kiesler, Sara, Kraut, Robert E., Lundmark, Vicki, Scherlis, William, Mukhopadhyay, Tridas (1997): Usability, Help Desk Calls, and Residential Internet Usage. In: Pemberton, Steven (eds.) Proceedings of the ACM CHI 97 Human Factors in Computing Systems Conference March 22-27, 1997, Atlanta, Georgia. pp. 536-537. https://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/chi/258549/p536-kiesler/p536-kiesler.pdf
Kraut, Robert E., Scherlis, William, Mukhopadhyay, Tridas, Manning, Jane, Kiesler, Sara (1996): HomeNet: A Field Trial of Residential Internet Services. In: Tauber, Michael J., Bellotti, Victoria, Jeffries, Robin, Mackinlay, Jock D., Nielsen, Jakob (eds.) Proceedings of the ACM CHI 96 Human Factors in Computing Systems Conference April 14-18, 1996, Vancouver, Canada. pp. 284-291. https://www.acm.org/sigchi/chi96/proceedings/papers/Kraut/rek_txt.htm
Kraut, Robert E., Miller, Mark D., Siegel, Jane (1996): Collaboration in Performance of Physical Tasks: Effects on Outcomes and Communication. In: Olson, Gary M., Olson, Judith S., Ackerman, Mark S. (eds.) Proceedings of the 1996 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work November 16 - 20, 1996, Boston, Massachusetts, United States. pp. 57-66. https://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/cscw/240080/p57-kraut/p57-kraut.pdf
Kraut, Robert E. (1996): The Internet @ Home (Introduction to the Special Section). In Communications of the ACM, 39 (12) pp. 33-35.
Kraut, Robert E., Scherlis, William L., Mukhopadhyay, Tridas, Manning, Jane, Kiesler, Sara B. (1996): The HomeNet Field Trial of Residential Internet Services. In Communications of the ACM, 39 (12) pp. 55-63.
Streeter, Lynn A., Kraut, Robert E., Jr., Henry C. Lucas, Caby, Laurence (1996): How Open Data Networks Influence Business Performance and Market Structure. In Communications of the ACM, 39 (7) pp. 62-73.
Steinfield, Charles, Kraut, Robert E., Plummer, Alice (1995): The Impact Of Electronic Commerce On Buyer-Seller Relationships. In J. Computer-Mediated Communication, 1 (3) pp. . https://jcmc.indiana.edu/vol1/issue3/steinfld.html
Kraut, Robert E., Streeter, Lynn A. (1995): Coordination in Software Development. In Communications of the ACM, 38 (3) pp. 69-81.
Kraut, Robert E., Cool, C., Rice, Ronald E., Fish, Robert S. (1994): Life and Death of New Technology: Task, Utility and Social Influences on the Use of a Comm. In: Proceedings of the 1994 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work October 22 - 26, 1994, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States. pp. 13-21. https://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/cscw/192844/p13-kraut/p13-kraut.pdf
Fish, Robert S., Kraut, Robert E., Root, Robert W., Rice, Ronald E. (1993): Video as a Technology for Informal Communication. In Communications of the ACM, 36 (1) pp. 48-61.
Fish, Robert S., Kraut, Robert E., Root, Robert W., Rice, Ronald E. (1992): Evaluating Video as a Technology for Informal Communication. In: Bauersfeld, Penny, Bennett, John, Lynch, Gene (eds.) Proceedings of the ACM CHI 92 Human Factors in Computing Systems Conference June 3-7, 1992, Monterey, California. pp. 37-48. https://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/chi/142750/p37-fish/p37-fish.pdf
Cool, C., Fish, Robert S., Kraut, Robert E., Lowery, C. M. (1992): Iterative Design of Video Communication Systems. In: Proceedings of the 1992 ACM conference on Computer-supported cooperative work November 01 - 04, 1992, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. pp. 25-32. https://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/cscw/143457/p25-cool/p25-cool.pdf
Galegher, Jolene, Kraut, Robert E. (1992): Computer-Mediated Communication and Collaborative Writing: Media Influence and Adaptation . In: Proceedings of the 1992 ACM conference on Computer-supported cooperative work November 01 - 04, 1992, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. pp. 155-162. https://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/cscw/143457/p155-galegher/p155-galegher.pdf
Olson, Gary M., Olson, Judith S., Kraut, Robert E. (1992): Introduction to This Special Issue on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work. In Human-Computer Interaction, 7 (3) pp. 251-256.
Kraut, Robert E., Galegher, Jolene, Fish, Robert S., Chalfonte, Barbara L. (1992): Task Requirements and Media Choice in Collaborative Writing. In Human-Computer Interaction, 7 (4) pp. 375-407.
Chalfonte, Barbara L., Fish, Robert S., Kraut, Robert E. (1991): Expressive Richness: A Comparison of Speech and Text as Media for Revision. In: Robertson, Scott P., Olson, Gary M., Olson, Judith S. (eds.) Proceedings of the ACM CHI 91 Human Factors in Computing Systems Conference April 28 - June 5, 1991, New Orleans, Louisiana. pp. 21-26. https://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/chi/108844/p21-chalfonte/p21-chalfonte.pdf
Fish, Robert S., Kraut, Robert E., Chalfonte, Barbara L. (1990): The VideoWindow System in Informal Communications. In: Halasz, Frank (eds.) Proceedings of the 1990 ACM conference on Computer-supported cooperative work October 07 - 10, 1990, Los Angeles, California, United States. pp. 1-11.
Galegher, Jolene, Kraut, Robert E. (1990): Computer-Mediated Communication for Intellectual Teamwork: A Field Experiment in Group Wri. In: Halasz, Frank (eds.) Proceedings of the 1990 ACM conference on Computer-supported cooperative work October 07 - 10, 1990, Los Angeles, California, United States. pp. 65-78.
Landauer, Thomas K., Kraut, Robert E. (1990): CHI in the Applied Research Divisions at Bellcore. In: Carrasco, Jane, Whiteside, John (eds.) Proceedings of the ACM CHI 90 Human Factors in Computing Systems Conference , 1990, Seattle, Washington,USA. pp. 285-286.
Kraut, Robert E., Streeter, Lynn A. (1990): Satisfying the Need to Know: Interpersonal Information Access. In: Diaper, Dan, Gilmore, David J., Cockton, Gilbert, Shackel, Brian (eds.) INTERACT 90 - 3rd IFIP International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction August 27-31, 1990, Cambridge, UK. pp. 909-915.
Kraut, Robert E., Dumais, Susan (1990): Computerization and the Quality of Working Life: The Role of Control. In: Lochovsky, Frederick H., Allen, Robert (eds.) Proceedings of the Conference on Office Information Systems 1990 April 25-27, 1990, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. pp. 56-68.
Kraut, Robert E., Dumais, Susan, Koch, Susan (1989): Computerization, Productivity, and Quality of Work-Life. In Communications of the ACM, 32 (2) pp. 220-238.
Kraut, Robert E., Egido, Carmen, Galegher, Jolene (1988): Patterns of Contact and Communication in Scientific Research Collaboration. In: Greif, Irene (eds.) Proceedings of the 1988 ACM conference on Computer-supported cooperative work September 26 - 28, 1988, Portland, Oregon, United States. pp. 1-12.
Leland, Mary D. P., Fish, Robert S., Kraut, Robert E. (1988): Collaborative Document Production Using Quilt. In: Greif, Irene (eds.) Proceedings of the 1988 ACM conference on Computer-supported cooperative work September 26 - 28, 1988, Portland, Oregon, United States. pp. 206-215.
Fish, Robert S., Kraut, Robert E., Leland, Mary D. P. (1988): Quilt: A Collaborative Tool for Cooperative Writing. In: Allen, Robert (eds.) Proceedings of the Conference on Office Information Systems 1988 March 23-25, 1988, Palo Alto, California, USA. pp. 30-37.
Dumais, Susan, Kraut, Robert E., Koch, Susan (1988): Computers' Impact on Productivity and Work Life. In: Allen, Robert (eds.) Proceedings of the Conference on Office Information Systems 1988 March 23-25, 1988, Palo Alto, California, USA. pp. 88-95.
Kraut, Robert E., Galegher, Jolene, Egido, Carmen (1987): Relationships and Tasks in Scientific Research Collaboration. In Human-Computer Interaction, 3 (1) pp. 31-58.
Hanson, Stephen J., Kraut, Robert E., Farber, James M. (1984): Interface Design and Multivariate Analysis of UNIX Command Use. In ACM Transactions on Information Systems, 2 (1) pp. 42-57.
Kraut, Robert E., Hanson, Stephen J., Farber, James M. (1983): Command Use and Interface Design. In: Smith, Raoul N., Pew, Richard W., Janda, Ann (eds.) Proceedings of the ACM CHI 83 Human Factors in Computing Systems Conferenc December 12-15, 1983, Boston, Massachusetts, United States. pp. 120-124.
Rashid, Al Mamunur, Ling, Kimberly, Tassone, Regina D., Resnick, Paul, Kraut, Robert E., Riedl, John (2006): Motivating participation by displaying the value of contribution. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI 2006 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems , 2006, . pp. 955-958. https://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1124772.1124915
Arguello, Jaime, Butler, Brian S., Joyce, Lisa, Kraut, Robert E., Ling, Kimberly S., Wang, Xiaoqing (2006): Talk to me: foundations for successful individual-group interactions in online communities. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI 2006 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems , 2006, . pp. 959-968. https://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1124772.1124916
Shklovski, Irina, Kraut, Robert E., Cummings, Jonathon (2006): Routine patterns of internet use & psychological well-being: coping with a residential mov. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI 2006 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems , 2006, . pp. 969-978. https://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1124772.1124917
Gergle, Darren, Kraut, Robert E., Fussell, Susan R. (2006): The impact of delayed visual feedback on collaborative performance. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI 2006 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems , 2006, . pp. 1303-1312. https://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1124772.1124968
Seay, A. Fleming, Kraut, Robert E. (2007): Project massive: self-regulation and problematic use of online gaming. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI 2007 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems , 2007, . pp. 829-838. https://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1240624.1240749
Weisz, Justin D., Kiesler, Sara, Zhang, Hui, Ren, Yuqing, Kraut, Robert E., Konstan, Joseph A. (2007): Watching together: integrating text chat with video. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI 2007 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems , 2007, . pp. 877-886. https://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1240624.1240756
Gergle, Darren, Rosé, Carolyn P., Kraut, Robert E. (2007): Modeling the impact of shared visual information on collaborative reference. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI 2007 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems , 2007, . pp. 1543-1552. https://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1240624.1240858
Barley, Stephen R., Dutton, William H., Kiesler, Sara, Resnick, Paul, Kraut, Robert E., Yates, JoAnne (2004): Does CSCW need organization theory?. In: Proceedings of ACM CSCW04 Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work , 2004, . pp. 122-124. https://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1031607.1031628
Dabbish, Laura, Kraut, Robert E. (2004): Controlling interruptions: awareness displays and social motivation for coordination. In: Proceedings of ACM CSCW04 Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work , 2004, . pp. 182-191. https://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1031607.1031638
Beenen, Gerard, Ling, Kimberly, Wang, Xiaoqing, Chang, Klarissa, Frankowski, Dan, Resnick, Paul, Kraut, Robert E. (2004): Using social psychology to motivate contributions to online communities. In: Proceedings of ACM CSCW04 Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work , 2004, . pp. 212-221. https://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1031607.1031642
Gergle, Darren, Kraut, Robert E., Fussell, Susan R. (2004): Action as language in a shared visual space. In: Proceedings of ACM CSCW04 Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work , 2004, . pp. 487-496. https://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1031607.1031687
Dabbish, Laura, Kraut, Robert E. (2006): Email overload at work: an analysis of factors associated with email strain. In: Proceedings of ACM CSCW06 Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work , 2006, . pp. 431-440. https://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1180875.1180941
Dabbish, Laura, Kraut, Robert E., Fussell, Susan R., Kiesler, Sara (2005): Understanding email use: predicting action on a message. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI 2005 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems , 2005, . pp. 691-700. https://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1054972.1055068
Harper, F. Maxwell, Frankowski, Dan, Drenner, Sara, Ren, Yuqing, Kiesler, Sara, Terveen, Loren, Kraut, Robert E., Riedl, John (2007): Talk amongst yourselves: inviting users to participate in online conversations. In: Proceedings of the 2007 International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces , 2007, . pp. 62-71. https://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1216295.1216313
Hsieh, Gary, Lai, Jennifer, Hudson, Scott E., Kraut, Robert E. (2008): Using tags to assist near-synchronous communication. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI 2008 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems April 5-10, 2008, . pp. 223-226. https://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1357054.1357093
Shklovski, Irina, Kraut, Robert E., Cummings, Jonathon (2008): Keeping in touch by technology: maintaining friendships after a residential move. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI 2008 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems April 5-10, 2008, . pp. 807-816. https://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1357054.1357182
Burke, Moira, Kraut, Robert E. (2008): Mind your P\'s and Q\'s: when politeness helps and hurts in online communities. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI 2008 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems April 5-10, 2008, . pp. 3195-3200. https://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1358628.1358830
Burke, Moira, Kraut, Robert E. (2008): Taking up the mop: identifying future Wikipedia administrators. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI 2008 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems April 5-10, 2008, . pp. 3441-3446. https://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1358628.1358871
Burke, Moira, Kraut, Robert E. (2008): Mopping up: modeling wikipedia promotion decisions. In: Proceedings of ACM CSCW08 Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work , 2008, . pp. 27-36. https://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1460563.1460571
Kittur, Aniket, Kraut, Robert E. (2008): Harnessing the wisdom of crowds in wikipedia: quality through coordination. In: Proceedings of ACM CSCW08 Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work , 2008, . pp. 37-46. https://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1460563.1460572
Burke, Moira, Kraut, Robert E. (2008): Mind your Ps and Qs: the impact of politeness and rudeness in online communities. In: Proceedings of ACM CSCW08 Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work , 2008, . pp. 281-284. https://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1460563.1460609
Hsieh, Gary, Kraut, Robert E., Hudson, Scott E., Weber, Roberto (2008): Can markets help?: applying market mechanisms to improve synchronous communication. In: Proceedings of ACM CSCW08 Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work , 2008, . pp. 535-544. https://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1460563.1460648
Kittur, Aniket, Lee, Bryant, Kraut, Robert E. (2009): Coordination in collective intelligence: the role of team structure and task interdependen. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI 2009 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems , 2009, . pp. 1495-1504. https://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1518701.1518928
Lee, Min Kyung, Dillahunt, Tawanna, Pendleton, Bryan, Kraut, Robert E., Kiesler, Sara (2009): Tailoring websites to increase contributions to online communities. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI 2009 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems , 2009, . pp. 4003-4008. https://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1520340.1520608
Sutcliffe, Alistair G., Gonzalez, Victor M., Kraut, Robert E. (2009): Social mediating technologies: developing the research agenda. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI 2009 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems , 2009, . pp. 4775-4778. https://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1520340.1520738
Christ, Mario, Krishnan, Ramayya, Nagin, Daniel, Kraut, Robert E., Günther, Oliver (2001): Trajectories of Individual WWW Usage: Implications for Electronic Commerce. In: HICSS 2001 , 2001, . https://csdl.computer.org/comp/proceedings/hicss/2001/0981/07/09817066abs.htm
Ankolekar, Anupriya, Sycara, Katia, Herbsleb, James, Kraut, Robert E., Welty, Chris (2006): Supporting online problem-solving communities with the semantic web. In: Proceedings of the 2006 International Conference on the World Wide Web , 2006, . pp. 575-584. https://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1135777.1135862
Hsieh, Gary, Kraut, Robert E., Hudson, Scott E. (2010): Why pay?: exploring how financial incentives are used for question & answer. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI 2010 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems , 2010, . pp. 305-314. https://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1753326.1753373
Choi, Boreum, Alexander, Kira, Kraut, Robert E., Levine, John M. (2010): Socialization tactics in wikipedia and their effects. In: Proceedings of ACM CSCW10 Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work , 2010, . pp. 107-116. https://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1718918.1718940
Kittur, Aniket, Kraut, Robert E. (2010): Beyond Wikipedia: coordination and conflict in online production groups. In: Proceedings of ACM CSCW10 Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work , 2010, . pp. 215-224. https://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1718918.1718959
Burke, Moira, Kraut, Robert E., Williams, Diane (2010): Social use of computer-mediated communication by adults on the autism spectrum. In: Proceedings of ACM CSCW10 Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work , 2010, . pp. 425-434. https://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1718918.1718991
Kittur, Aniket, Pendleton, Bryan, Kraut, Robert E. (2009): Herding the cats: the influence of groups in coordinating peer production. In: Proceedings of the 2009 International Symposium on Wikis , 2009, . pp. 7. https://www.wikisym.org/ws2009/procfiles/p107-kittur.pdf
Halfaker, Aaron, Kittur, Aniket, Kraut, Robert E., Riedl, John (2009): A jury of your peers: quality, experience and ownership in Wikipedia. In: Proceedings of the 2009 International Symposium on Wikis , 2009, . pp. 15. https://www.wikisym.org/ws2009/procfiles/p115-halfaker.pdf
Farzan, Rosta, Dabbish, Laura A., Kraut, Robert E., Postmes, Tom (2011): Increasing commitment to online communities by designing for social presence. In: Proceedings of ACM CSCW11 Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work , 2011, . pp. 321-330. https://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1958824.1958874
Burke, Moira, Kraut, Robert E., Marlow, Cameron (2011): Social capital on Facebook: differentiating uses and users. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI 2011 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems , 2011, . pp. 571-580. https://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1978942.1979023
Zhu, Haiyi, Kraut, Robert E., Wang, Yi-Chia, Kittur, Aniket (2011): Identifying shared leadership in Wikipedia. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI 2011 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems , 2011, . pp. 3431-3434. https://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1978942.1979453
Hsieh, Gary, Hudson, Scott E., Kraut, Robert E. (2011): Donate for credibility: how contribution incentives can improve credibility. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI 2011 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems , 2011, . pp. 3435-3438. https://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1978942.1979454
Wainer, Jaclyn, Dabbish, Laura, Kraut, Robert E. (2011): Should I open this email?: inbox-level cues, curiosity and attention to email. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI 2011 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems , 2011, . pp. 3439-3448. https://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1978942.1979456
Kittur, Aniket, Smus, Boris, Kraut, Robert E. (2011): CrowdForge: crowdsourcing complex work. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI 2011 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems , 2011, . pp. 1801-1806. https://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1979742.1979902
Dabbish, Laura, Farzan, Rosta, Kraut, Robert E., Postmes, Tom (2012): Fresh faces in the crowd: turnover, identity, and commitment in online groups. In: Proceedings of ACM CSCW12 Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work , 2012, . pp. 245-248. https://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2145204.2145243
Farzan, Rosta, Kraut, Robert E., Pal, Aditya, Konstan, Joseph (2012): Socializing volunteers in an online community: a field experiment. In: Proceedings of ACM CSCW12 Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work , 2012, . pp. 325-334. https://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2145204.2145256
Zhu, Haiyi, Kraut, Robert E., Kittur, Aniket (2012): Effectiveness of shared leadership in online communities. In: Proceedings of ACM CSCW12 Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work , 2012, . pp. 407-416. https://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2145204.2145269
Forte, Andrea, Kittur, Niki, Larco, Vanessa, Zhu, Haiyi, Bruckman, Amy, Kraut, Robert E. (2012): Coordination and beyond: social functions of groups in open content production. In: Proceedings of ACM CSCW12 Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work , 2012, . pp. 417-426. https://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2145204.2145270
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